Friday, June 26, 2015

How do students and teachers use digital tools in literacy instruction in K-4 classrooms?

"Using digital tools, allows teachers to use print-based literacy skills while providing students with the opportunity to learn digital literacy skills."
- Amy Hutchinson


Ways that digital literacy can be used in the classroom:


 



Steps for teachers to implement digital technology into literacy instruction:



1. Choose learning goals:  Determine which areas students need the most support.
            Examples: comprehension, fluency, vocabulary

2. Make pedagogical decisions about the nature of the learning experience:  

·         Learning by listening – Teachers can record themselves teaching material. Then students have the opportunity to listen to the material multiple times.

·         Learning by Discovery – Students search for information and discover new information by sorting through resources to thoroughly construct better knowledge. This is generally self-directed and can be assessed in multiple ways.

·         Learning by doing – Students are given the opportunity to have a more hands on learning experience. Students would complete assignments via a digital tool, and then can write about their knowledge or questions, provide feedback to peers, and provide peer feedback for themselves.

·         Learning through discussion and debate – Students have the opportunity to discuss and debate context factors. This would be a great idea for a classroom blog, in which students discuss their findings!


·         Blended Learning – Students have the opportunity to have different kinds of delivery and learning methods.
Ø  This method is my personal favorite because it is a flexible way for both teachers and learners can regulate their learning.

 (Noordink, 2010)

3. Choose activities types to combine:  What do you want the students to do?

4. Select assessment strategies: Design a response to a text that demonstrates your learning goal, and helps to develop digital literacy skills.

            Examples: Create a video or audio response to texts.

5. Select the digital tools that will best help students to benefit from the learning experience: 

  a. Be sure to become familiar with your school/school district's technology goals. 
  b. Become familiar with apps, websites, and online resources that will help you to make a final decision on determining with technological tool will be most useful in helping students meet their learning goals. 

(Hutchinson and Woodward, 2014)       
(Hutchinson, Beschorner, and Schmidt-Crawford, 2012)


Promising Literacy Apps allow students to:

·         Type on top of printed text
·         Record an audio recording as a response
·         Add pictures from the photo library
·         Insert symbols and stamps

(Hutchinson, Beschorner, and Schmidt-Crawford, 2012)


Popular Instructional Literacy Apps:

App
App   Description
Literacy   Skill    Used
Doodle Buddy


Tool used for drawing, or doodling



Forces readers to reread to modify images
Visualization
Main Idea and Details
Sundry  Notes

Tool used for typing text, drawing, and recording audio
Cause and Effect
Strip Designer


Comic Strip Tool
Retelling
Popplet


Graphic Organizer tool that students can modify
Sequencing
iBooks


Virtual bookshelf


Users can:
tap any word to access a definition, add notes, highlight text
Independent Reading
·         Also great to use during the Daily 5’s Read to Self!

(Hutchinson, Beschorner, and Schmidt-Crawford, 2012)



Question:

What are two beneficial digital tools for teachers to build comprehension skills?


Helpful Sites:














Citations:


Hutchison, A., Beschorner, B., & Schmidt-Crawford, D. (2012). Exploring the Use of the iPad for                  Literacy Learning. Read Teach The Reading Teacher, 66(1), 15-23.

Hutchison, A., & Woodward, L. (2013). A Planning Cycle for Integrating Digital Technology Into                    Literacy Instruction. Read Teach The Reading Teacher, 67(6), 455-464.

Noordink, M. (n.d.). Different ways of teaching. Retrieved June 24, 2015, from http://marlijnenoordink.blogspot.com/2010/10/different-ways-of-teaching-different.html









Wednesday, June 17, 2015

What is Guided Reading and how do I structure a guided reading lesson?

Guided Reading


Guided reading is a time within the literacy block, where students are grouped together based on the text level or skills needed. When first creating guided reading groups, you want to determine your students instructional reading level. This means that students reading accuracy score would be 90-94% . This is important so that students can extend their learning by reading texts that are on the edge with regards to challenge level. Guided reading is also flexible in the sense that students are constantly moving to a new makeup of groups. Guided reading is actually the second lesson of the day within the literacy block, and should last approximately 20-30 minutes. During the literacy block, teachers should plan to meet with three to four groups per day. The aspect that makes guided reading so intriguing to teachers, is that students have their own leveled materials, which really allows teachers to apply differentiated instruction throughout their lessons.

Guided Reading from the researchers Fountas and Pinnell:



According to researcher, Anita Iaquinta within the article Guided Reading: A Research-Based Response to the Challenges of Early Reading Instruction, guided reading is a teaching approach that has three core aspects. Those three aspects include meeting the array of students needs within the classroom, teaching students to continually read increasing texts with fluency and understanding, and to construct meaning from the text while using strategies. Guided reading is beneficial to students because it allows texts to be explored in a deeper, more meaningful way. For example, students can think about texts in three ways such as within, beyond, and about the text. Within the text, students can monitor, use searching for information, and summarizing. Beyond the text, students can make connections, use prediction, synthesize, and can infer. When thinking about the text, students can analyze and critique the authors purposes, the flow of the text, and the word choice (Laquinta, 2006). 

Within the online text of Guided Reading: Making it Work, the authors Mary Browning Schulman, and Carleen DaCruz Payne, state the importance of using assessment data to group students together. However, one key aspect to guided reading is that the grouping are flexible, and require systematic data to be constantly occurring.  Groups can be put together depending on the developing skill or by the text level the students are on (Browning, and DaCruz , 2000).  


Structuring a  Guided Reading lesson: 


Before reading: 

1. Selecting the text - Teachers must choose text that is on the group's instructional reading level. 

2. Introduce the text - Explain important ideas and concepts through a picture walk, and then point out certain details to the text such as access features, descriptive words etc. 

During reading: 

Read the text -  Students read the text silently or quietly by using whisper phones. During this time, the teacher listens to students and provides support on  strategies/skills. 

After reading:

1. Discuss the text - Students discuss the text.  Ultimately, this aids students comprehension of the text. 

2. Teaching Points - During this time, the teacher would use text dependent questions. 

3. Word Work - When working on word work, teachers are helping students to become more flexible and knowledgeable when working with words.  



Question: 

Within the article Guided Reading: The Romance and the Reality, the authors Fountas and Pinnell state the importance of using assessment data to guide teaching. What are three aspects that you can assess by using running records within the classroom?



 Great Literacy Rich Blogs! 




Citations:

Browning Schulman, M., & DaCruz Payne, C. (2000). Guided Reading: Making it Work. Retrieved June 18, 2015, from https://books.google.com/books?id=yQzGpF85HGYC&pg=PA160&lpg=PA160&dq=guided reading using assessment data to group students together.&source=bl&ots=AKdT4RXrsS&sig=XhGKUH-Dad1bagKHsN_blPxY2UU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=0kyCVfjsG8v1-AGNv4PICQ&ved=0CDYQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q
  
Fountas, I., & Pinnell, G. (n.d.). About Leveled Texts. Retrieved June 18, 2015, from http://www.fountasandpinnellleveledbooks.com/aboutleveledtexts.aspx#GR 


Fountas, I., & Pinnell, G. (2012). Guided Reading: The Romance and the Reality. The Reading  Teacher, 66(4), 268-284. 

Iaquinta, A. (2006). Guided Reading: A Research-Based Response to the Challenges of Early Reading Instruction. Early Childhood Education Journal, 33(6), 413-418. doi:10.1007  



Sunday, April 12, 2015

Science Lessons

Science Lessons 

The National Science Teachers Association provides a lesson plan on creating paper airplanes. Within the lesson viewers will find that students have the ability to create an airplane and adapt the design of the airplane to make it fly at a greater distance. Students also can fill in a chart comparing two airplane designs to determine which airplane flew the longest.  

Discovery Education is an informational website that also provides numerous lesson plans. The lesson plan that I chose in particular was The Era of Inventions . The lesson asks students to complete research to determine three  important transportation milestones over the years, starting from 1903. Students need to be able to explain the milestone and how it is relevant to people’s lives.

The National Park Service has a variety of lesson plan ideas for grades 1 – 5. The lesson plan that I chose is called Secrets of the Past . Within this lesson, students will study the Badlands rock layers and learn about how the rock layers were deposited over the years. Students will also learn how weathering and erosion shape the Badlands.

 The U.S. Geological Survey website provides viewers with an abundant of lesson plans. In particular, that lesson plan that peaked my interest was Rock Stories . Within this lesson, students will learn about Sedimentary Rocks. Students will then be given Sedimentary Rocks in which they will create descriptions of the rocks. Using prior knowledge, students will go outside and find a rock and determine the type of rock and state what makes it that type of rock.

The EekoWorld website presents a lesson plan called Trash, Trash, and More Trash. Trash, Trash, and More Trash allows students to investigate a bag of trash to determine which contents actually belong in a landfill. Students will then create two class posters that show which items are recyclable and what items are not recyclable. 

The Smithsonian Education website provides viewers with a variety of lesson plans based off of the students grade levels. The lesson that I chose is called Here Come the Sunflowers. Within this lesson, students will have the opportunity to learn about sunflowers, and plant sunflower seeds. Students will also learn how sunflowers are an important resource and what foods that we consume in everyday life  that have sunflowers in them. 

The Humane Society Website provides students with various activities and lessons to create so that students can become more knowledge about animals. The particular lesson that I chose is called Who Lives in the Prairie?. Within this lesson, students will identify why prairie dogs are keystone species. Students will also be explaining a prairie food web.


Dinosaurs! After a read-aloud of Harry and the Bucketful of Dinosaurs, students will discuss the different types of dinosaurs in the book. Students will then be split up into two groups, a herbivore group, and a carnivore group and be given specific dinosaurs within each group. Student will complete research on their given dinosaur. If time is allotted students can create dinosaur posters to display within the classroom.

The Making Science Fun website allows viewers to learn about geodes, and then make their own geodes within the classroom. It would be best to complete the Incredible Egg Geode lesson after a unit on rocks and minerals.  I have seen this lesson implemented within the classroom and the students absolutely loved it! 

The Science Kids website allows viewers to learn about a variety of topics such as water and ice. The lesson plan that I chose from this particular site allows viewers to cut ice cubes in half. Throughout the lesson, a piece of ice gets cut directly in half by the pressure of fishing line and melts.  To further this activity, a discussion can be used to describe how this activity is related to ice skating. 


Helpful Science Websites

Helpful Science Websites: 

 The U.S. Department of Education provides age-appropriate activities for students to complete at home with adult supervision. Viewers will discover that you can find activities for students from Pre-Kindergarten to fifth grade. In addition, the site is very easy to follow and lists the materials needed for the activities and lists the step by step procedures. One aspect that I especially enjoyed about this website is that all activities are available in English and Spanish for bilingual households. 

Animal Planet provides viewers with live critter cams. Viewers can watch various animals such as Sloths, Sharks, Bunnies, Birds, Elephants, Penguins, and Sea Otters. The site is very easy to navigate. First, click here to be directed to the Animal Planet Website. From there, you will find a list of various live cams to choose from. Click on a live critter cam and enjoy! 

 The National Geographic Society provides viewers with a fun and informative GeoBee Challenge. The GeoBee Challenge posts ten questions every day from the National Geographic Bee. Each day there is a brand new quiz for viewers to take. The site also allows viewers to take the current days quiz, yesterday’s quiz, and the quiz from two days ago. The quizzes ask interesting geographic questions and are a challenge for all! 

Science Kids is a site for students to use to discover new science experiments to do at home. Within the site, there are at least forty six experiments from the students to choose from. Almost all of the science experiments can be done with common household materials.  In addition, this site also provides viewers with Science games and tutorials to choose from. 

During the summer, students and parents can use the site CyberCamp for a virtual reality summer camp. When first visiting the site, students need to be registered as a camper. After being registered, this site allows students to learn more about ecosystems, the environment, and health and safety. 

The Science Made Simple site allows viewers to learn about common questions that children ask. For example, this site provides scientific information regarding why the sky is blue, and why rainbows are different colors. Science Made Simple also gives students science fair, and science project ideas. 

The PBS Kids site can be used for students to discover experiments and activities to complete relating to Chemistry, Engineering, The Five Senses, Forces, Life Science, Patterns, Sound, Structures, and Water. This site is laid out by listing the materials needed for the activity, and then listing explicit instructions to complete the activity. In addition, at the bottom of the page lists student’s results to the activity. 

The Kids Activities Blog provides students with  fifteen engaging science activities for students to try at home. When viewing this site, scroll through the list of activities to choose from. Once an activity is chosen, you will be directed to another site which shows explicit instructions for the activity, as well as provides pictures directions for many of the steps. 

The Education  website allows viewers to choose science experiments which vary from a variety of topics such as Weather and Seasons, Physical Science, Earth and Space Science, Chemistry and Environmental Science. The website also allows viewers to choose the age appropriate activities based on the students grade level.  

Kidspot is a website that students can come to explore scientific experiment ideas. This site also breaks down the categories for age appropriate activities based on the student’s age. For example, activities can be selected for students ranging from one to eight years old. 






Good Science Reads for Children

Good Science Reads for Children





SCIENCE VERSE by Jon Scieszka  

This book contains various poems about science and entails perfect illustrations to match the topics. Some of the poems include within this book are about the water cycle, food chain, scientific method, and changes in matter.

Next Time You See a Maple Seed by Emily Morgan

This informational text describes to readers the hard work that Maple Seeds have to entail in order to eventually turn into a Maple Tree. Moreover, this text could be used within the classroom to discuss seeds with children, and maybe as an introduction to your own seedlings that you could plant! J

Lives of the Scientists: Experiments, Explosions (and What the Neighbors Thought) by Kathleen Krull and Kathryn Hewitt

This text not only presents readers with scientific information, but it also introduces readers to history and biographies. This book also displays numerous photos which also helps to entrance readers. Even with its quirky style, this book is a must read within the classroom!



Tiger Math: Learning to Graph from a Baby Tiger by Ann Whitehead Nagda and Cindy Bickel

Tiger Math: Learning to Graph from a Baby Tiger is a great life science text to use within the classroom. This text is interesting because it incorporates life science and math into the text. The text depicts T.J., an orphaned Siberian tiger cub and uses the aspects of science and math to depict the baby tiger cub’s life.


Girls Think of Everything: Stories of Ingenious Inventions by Women by Catherine Thimmesh

Girls Think of Everything is a perfect text to use within the classroom because it incorporates social studies and engineering, all in one text. This text depicts the inventions women have made, and how those women used creative thinking to overcome obstacles. A few of the examples of the inventions that women created include windshield wipers, and bulletproof vests.


Meeting Dolphins: My Adventures in the Sea by  Kathleen Dudzinski

This informative text is a great book to use when incorporating life science into lesson plans. This book is written from the Marine biologist/author’s prospective of working with dolphin communications. Throughout the book, Dudzinski explains how gestures, sounds, and behaviors are used as communications tools.

A Handful of Dirt by Raymond Bial

A Handful of Dirt is an informative text to use within the classroom when teaching students about the environment and ecology. This text mainly depicts the importance of soil and the abundance of forms of life that soil supports. Throughout the text, readers embark on a dirt tour to learn about soil and how precious this resource truly is to our environment.


The International Space Station by Franklyn M. Branley

If you or your students have questions about the International Space Station, this text belongs within your classroom.  Not only does this text have hundreds of answers to frequently asked questions, but it also embarks readers on the journey of constructing the Space Station. Furthermore, this text also gives readers to the virtual feeling of being two hundred and fifty miles above the Earth!


Cloud Dance by Thomas Locker

Cloud Dance is a great informational text to use within the classroom when discussing Earth and Space Sciences. Cloud Dance is a poetic text that describes the different types of clouds. In addition, this book entails beautiful illustrations which keep the readers captivated.


River of Life by Debbie S. Miller

River of Life engages readers to learn about the life cycle that occurs along a river, throughout winter, spring, and summer.  The beautiful illustrations truly help readers to understand more about the ecosystem within a river.